Kaspi.kz positions itself as a Super App – one application in which dozens of different functions are available: payment system, banking products, marketplace, etc.

Samruk-Kazyna has issued five-year Eurobonds in the amount of $500 million with a coupon of 2 percent per annum.

The rate on access operations to provide liquidity was set at 10.75 percent and the rate on access operations to withdraw liquidity - at 8.75 percent.

Kazakhstan relies on its rainy-day fund to fill the budget gaps, although plans to reduce the transfer from the fund to the state budget to 2.4 trillion tenge in 2024.