The government and the World Bank were in talks over a $95 million loan and had planned to come to an agreement within two to three months.

The cost of the total project is 185.4 million euros, of which 142 million euros will be paid out through loans from leading European banks.

Eight Ukrainian reactors will now run with U.S. fuel instead of the Russian variant.

Realising that fossil fuels would not last forever, Kazakhstan took steps to diversify its economy. This included a new focus on its tourism industry. Though under-developed, officials knew it was an area that had much to offer.

Ukraine's renewables industry has been beset by problems that’s seen the government owe mostly foreign green energy producers close to $1 billion.

The chemical industry and the production of mineral fertilisers in Uzbekistan have huge potential for growth, but reforms are required,

The remaining issues are border demarcation between the two former Soviet countries. As well as the issue of re-establishing a trade and transit corridor via Armenia between the rest of Azerbaijan and its Nakhchivan exclave.

Highlights of the selloff programme include titanium producer United Mining and Chemical Company. Large-scale privatisation is seen as key in trying to root out corruption and reduce the outsize influence of business magnates or oligarchs.

IMF recommended Azerbaijan shifting fiscal policy to gradual and growth-friendly consolidation.