The reality is none of the three countries are formal candidates for EU membership in the near future.

The skirmishes have stirred concern about the stability of a late 2020 Moscow-negotiated armistice.

National Bank of Ukraine Governor Kyrylo Shevchenko said oligarchs have a "destructive" influence over the county's central bank.

According to the IMF forecast, Georgia’s GDP is projected to grow 7.7 percent in 2021 and 5.8 percent in 2022.