Commercial banks reported a total net profit of 1.642 billion lari ($529 million) from January to September compared to a loss of 252.1 million lari in the same period in 2020.

Gross domestic product (GDP) grew by 2.7 percent year-on-year in January-September. In nominal terms, the GDP reached 126 billion rubles ($52.1 billion).

Moldova, one of Europe’s poorest countries in per capita terms, is pressing for a renewal of that deal while pursuing any one of a number of alternative avenues to secure supplies.

Kazakhstan relies on its rainy-day fund to fill the budget gaps, although plans to reduce the transfer from the fund to the state budget to 2.4 trillion tenge in 2024.

SOFAZ sovereign wealth oil fund holds proceeds from oil contracts, oil and gas sales, transit fees and other revenue.