Oil and gas condensate production rose by 0.1 percent last year from a year earlier to 34.581 million tonnes, while natural gas output increased 18.1 percent to 43.864 bcm.

Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev and Armenia Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan appeared to make some progress in two remarkably productive face-to-face meetings in quick succession late last year, though periodic outbreaks of violence hang over prospects for further discussions.

The World Bank forecasts that economic growth in Europe and Central Asia will slow to 3 percent in 2022, as domestic demand stabilises, and 2.9 percent in 2023, as external demand plateaus and commodity prices soften.

As hydrocarbons make up over 20 percent of Kazakhstan’s GDP, it became a priority to restore oil production to normal levels.