IMF projects 2.3 percent economic growth this year, down from its previous projection of 3.7 percent.

The Kazakh government has long prioritized projecting an image of stability as an essential driver of investment and legitimacy for foreign and domestic audiences rather than actually addressing underlying sources of unrest. These perceptions of stability have been shattered by the January events and the spillover effects of sanctions.

The 2,000 sq km park is almost untouched by the advances of civilisation and contains a wealth of differing habitats from woodlands to Alpine meadows, glaciers and meltwater lakes.

Fitch expects all these economies to grow in 2022, but has cut its forecasts by 0.2-4 percentage points, with the largest cuts for commodity importers.

The ADB projected the gross domestic product (GDP) growth in Central Asia and South Caucasus at 3.6 percent in 2022 and 4.0 percent next year.